War in Ukraine: Days 535 & 536
By Rishika Yadav

War on Ground
On 12 August, according to Ukrinform, the Russian army conducted 67 attacks on Zaporizhzhia region. Yuriy Malashko, Head of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration, reported that these strikes targeted 28 settlements. Notably, 54 artillery attacks were directed at various locations including Huliaypole, Novodarivka, and Levadne. The Russian military also employed MLRS in Temyrivka and Lobkove three times and conducted airstrikes on Orikhiv, Omelnyk, and Mala Tokmachka. Komyshuvakha experienced four missile strikes, while UAVs were deployed over Zaporizhzhia, Huliaypilske, and Chervone. Despite extensive destruction to property and infrastructure, no casualties were reported.
 
On 12 August, Serhiy Cherevaty, spokesperson for Ukraine's Eastern Group of Armed Forces, revealed Russian attempts to escalate and gain control in the Kupyansk direction. Ukrainian forces successfully repelled these assaults, resulting in 69 Russian casualties and 97 wounded. They also destroyed two T-72 tanks, three armored vehicles, a D-30 howitzer, a mortar, two Russian drones, and a command post.
 
 On 13 August, according to Reuters, Ukrainian border guards erected a new sign on Snake Island, commemorating the island's resistance during Russia's invasion. The event, when a Ukrainian guard famously responded to Russian orders to surrender with a defiant phrase, symbolized Ukraine's early resistance. The island's strategic importance lies in its oversight of sea lanes to Odesa, a key Black Sea port.
 
On 13 August, according to Ukrinform, Russian shelling in the Kherson region led to the deaths of six people in two settlements. Stanislav village was targeted with MLRS, resulting in two deaths, an injury, and damage to five residential buildings. In Shyroka Balka, three adults, including a woman and two men, along with a 12 year old child were killed. Ihor Klymenko, Ukraine's Minister of Internal Affairs, emphasized the need to forcefully stop Russians who continue to harm civilians. 

The Moscow View
Claims by Russia
On 12 August, according to TASS, a Su-30 fighter jet crashed during a training flight in Russia's Kaliningrad region, resulting in the crew's fatalities. The incident occurred in an uninhabited area without ammunition onboard. The crash is attributed to a technical malfunction, according to the western military district. 
 
 On 12 August, according to The Moscow Times, Russian air defence forces intercepted and destroyed two Ukrainian missiles over the Kerch Strait, ensuring the safety of the Crimean bridge connecting annexed Crimea to mainland Russia. The missiles were aimed at the bridge, but no damage occurred. The Ukrainian drones near Crimea were also shot down, 14 through air defence systems and six through electronic warfare. 
 
On 13 August, according to TASS, Russia's naval ship Vasily Bykov forcibly halted the Palau-flagged cargo ship Sukru Okan en route to Ukraine's Izmail port for inspection. The Sukru Okan's captain ignored inspection demands, prompting Vasily Bykov to fire warning shots to stop the vessel. A Russian helicopter with servicemen inspected the cargo ship, which eventually halted for inspection. Once the inspection concluded, the Sukru Okan continued its course to Izmail, while Russian fleet patrols persisted in the area, according to the Russian Defence Ministry's statement.
 
On 13 August, the Russian Defence Ministry provided an update on its ongoing special military operation. In the Kupyansk direction, Russian forces repelled six unsuccessful attacks by Ukrainian brigades, causing losses of up to 60 Ukrainian servicemen, along with vehicles and equipment. In Donetsk direction, coordinated actions by Russian units led to the repelling of six attacks, resulting in approximately 300 Ukrainian casualties and the destruction of vehicles. Similar successes were reported in Krasny Liman, South Donetsk, and Zaporozhye directions, inflicting heavy losses on Ukrainian forces. Overall, over 458 aircraft, 246 helicopters, 5,708 UAVs, and various military equipment have been neutralized in the operation.

The West View
Responses from the US and Europe  
On 12 August, according to The Brunswick News, police in Poland confiscated stickers featuring the logo of the Russian mercenary force Wagner, which appeared in Kraków. The stickers carry the message "We are here. Join us," along with a QR code linking to Wagner's recruitment website. The incident has raised concerns due to Wagner's activities in neighboring Belarus. Polish law prohibits recruiting for foreign armies and mercenary groups, punishable by up to five years in prison. Authorities are investigating the matter to determine whether it's a serious threat or a prank.
 
On 13 August, according to Deutsche Welle, despite sufficient gas reserves, the German Network Agency cautioned about lingering energy supply risks in the upcoming winter due to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Klaus Müller, President of the German Network Agency, emphasized the need for continued savings and warned of potential scenarios, including an extremely cold winter and potential disruptions in gas supply to southeastern Europe. While storage rates are higher than in previous summers, concerns remain about possible gas interruptions and pipeline attacks. 
 
On 13 August, according to Bild am Sonntag, German company Rheinmetall plans to supply Ukraine with a Luna New Generation drone system by the year end, including drones, a ground control station, launch catapult, and military trucks. The versatile drone system could serve as a reconnaissance tool, establish an LTE network, and potentially intercept or disrupt communications. 
 
 On 13 August, according to Deutsche Welle, Dmytro Kuleba, Ukraine's Foreign Minister stressed the significance of German Taurus cruise missiles for Ukraine, stating they are crucial to saving lives and expediting the conflict's resolution. He explained that the extended missile range equates to a shorter war duration. Kuleba noted the missiles' potential to target Russian occupying forces, disrupt logistics, and incapacitate command centers. While the German government is contemplating supplying Taurus missiles, no final decision has been made yet.
 
 On 13 August, the UK's Ministry of Defence gave the latest defence intelligence update on the situation in Ukraine. It reported that the Wagner Group appears to be downsizing and reconfiguring due to financial constraints, possibly triggered by the Russian state's actions against its owner Yevgeny Prigozhin's business interests. If Russia discontinues funding, Belarus might become the next potential financier, despite the strain on their limited resources. This downsizing could have significant implications for the group's operations.

References
"Enemy launches 67 strikes on Zaporizhzhia region, destroying 20 objects," Ukrinform, 12 August 2023
"Cherevaty: Russians try to seize initiative in Kupyansk direction," Ukrinform, 12 August 2023
"President's Office: Six people killed in shelling of Kherson region," Ukrinform, 13 August 2023
Maria Starkova and Elaine Monaghan, "Ukraine border guards remind Russia Snake Island is again theirs," Reuters, 13 August 2023
"Su-30 crashes in Kaliningrad Region, crew killed - Western Military District," TASS, 12 August 2023
"Ukraine Missiles Shot Down Over Crimea Bridge – Pro-Russia," The Moscow Times, 12 August 2023
"Russian naval ship stops Palau-flagged ship in Black Sea for inspection — top brass," TASS, 13 August 2023
"Russian Defence Ministry report on the progress of the special military operation," eng.mil.ru, 13 August 2023
"Polish police investigating stickers promoting Wagner group," The Brunswick News, 12 August 2023
"German agency warns of continued energy risks for Europe," Deutsche Welle, 13 August 2023
“Rheinmetall to deliver Luna drone system to Ukraine — report,” Deutsche Welle, 13 August 2023
"Kuleba underlines importance of German Taurus missiles for Ukraine," Deutsche Welle, 13 August 2023
"Latest Defence Intelligence update on the situation in Ukraine - 13 August 2023," Twitter, 13 August 2023

In Brief
By Rishika Yadav

FINLAND
Helsinki considers becoming a 'Sanctuary City' amid migrant crackdown
On 13 August, according to Euronews, Helsinki is contemplating the designation of a 'sanctuary city' as the right-wing Finnish government tightens rules on undocumented migrants. The new government, led by Prime Minister Petteri Orpo and including the far-right Finns Party, plans to reverse legislation requiring local authorities to offer free basic healthcare to paperless migrants across the country. The move is part of a broader effort to create a 'hostile environment' for migrants, including cutting access to social services. While many cities are stopping or not providing free health services, Helsinki, among others, intends to continue treating undocumented migrants, potentially making it an attractive destination for medical treatment. The divide between national and local policies on undocumented migrants' access to healthcare highlights tensions within the Finnish government and underscores the broader debate on migration policy. (David Mac Dougall, "Helsinki could become 'sanctuary city' as Finland's right-wing government targets paperless migrants," Euronews, 13 August 2023)

GREECE
48 migrants rescued from inflatable boat
On 13 August, according to the Associated Press, Greek authorities successfully rescued 48 migrants from a drifting inflatable boat near Lesbos, close to Turkey. A coast guard vessel spotted the boat on Sunday morning and safely evacuated the migrants, transporting them to the port of Mytilene. Three individuals received medical attention at a local hospital. The incident highlights the ongoing migrant arrivals from Turkey to Greece, particularly during favorable summer sailing conditions. It showcases the challenges faced by Greece and underscores the need for coordinated efforts among European countries to address migration and provide humanitarian assistance to those in need. ("Greece safely evacuates 48 migrants from inflatable boat off Lesbos island; vessel sinks," Associated Press, 13 August 2023)

POLAND
PM proposes immigration referendum amid election
On 13 August, according to Politico, Mateusz Morawiecki, Poland's Prime Minister suggested holding a referendum during the upcoming parliamentary election on whether citizens support the arrival of "thousands of illegal migrants from the Middle East and Africa" due to EU's relocation policy. Morawiecki's Law and Justice Party is known for its strict immigration stance, emphasizing acceptance of European refugees like Ukrainians. The referendum question criticizes the EU's forced relocation mechanism and alludes to Donald Tusk, the opposition leader. Law and Justice also plans referendums on state company privatization and retirement age. Poland's PM uses the proposed referendum on immigration to reinforce his party's restrictive stance and gain support for the upcoming election, tapping into the ongoing immigration debates in Europe. (Gian Volpicelli. "Poland prime minister floats migration referendum with grim video," Politico, 13 August 2023)

THE UK
Northern Ireland Investment Summit to showcase innovation and global opportunities
On 13 August, according to the Government of UK, over 100 global investors are set to attend the Northern Ireland Investment Summit in September, highlighting the region's innovative businesses. The event will spotlight Northern Ireland's strengths in sectors like advanced manufacturing, technology, financial services, and health sciences. Speakers including UK government officials and US Economic Envoy Joseph Kennedy III will emphasize the region's potential for growth and job creation. US financial group Citi is the principal partner, reaffirming Northern Ireland's attractiveness to international businesses. The summit aligns with the UK government's efforts to build a sustainable and inclusive economy while underlining Northern Ireland's role as a competitive business destination. ("More than 100 investors confirmed for summit in Northern Ireland," gov.uk, 13 August 2023)

MIGRATION
Central Mediterranean's deadly migration route sees surge in deaths
On 13 August, according to BBC news, the central Mediterranean route, deemed the world's most perilous migration path, witnessed an increase in shipwrecks and fatalities. More migrants attempt the treacherous journey, setting sail from North African shores to reach Europe, particularly Italy. European border agency Frontex reports that crossings and reported incidents are at their highest since 2017. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) records over 1,800 migrant deaths so far this year, compared to 1,400 in 2022, with the real toll likely higher due to unrecorded tragedies. Overcrowded and unseaworthy boats, storms, and insufficient search-and-rescue efforts contribute to the dangerous conditions. The surge in deaths on this route underscores the urgency for more coordinated efforts to address the humanitarian crisis in the central Mediterranean, including enhancing search and rescue operations and creating safer avenues for migration. (Alice Cuddy, "Migrant boats in the Mediterranean: Why are so many people dying?," BBC news, 13 August 2023)

SPORTS
La Liga files complaint against PSG alleging EU law breach
On 13 August, according to Politico, Spanish football league La Liga lodged a complaint with the European Commission against Qatar-owned Paris St-Germain (PSG), claiming their funding model violates EU competition rules. La Liga alleges Qatar's investment gives PSG an undue advantage by using foreign subsidies to secure top players and coaches, impacting rival clubs' recruitment. The complaint relies on the recent EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation, which seeks to prevent market distortions caused by non-EU funding. This move by La Liga highlights the increasing scrutiny on the financial operations of football clubs and attempts to ensure fair competition in the sport. (Gian Volpicelli, "Spain's La Liga files EU complaint over Qatar funding of French club Paris St-Germain," Politico, 13 August 2023)

INTERNATIONAL
EU condemns Niger coup
On 12 August, the EU strongly denounced the Niger coup, foreseeing detrimental effects on Niger's population, security, and regional stability. The EU urges the return to constitutional order, supporting President Bazoum and ECOWAS decisions for a diplomatic resolution. The EU backs ECOWAS efforts and the potential implementation of sanctions. President Bazoum's unjust detention and deteriorating conditions raise EU concern, demanding their immediate release. The EU pledges humanitarian aid and unwavering support for Niger's people, emphasizing human rights commitment. ("Niger: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU," consilium.europa.eu, 12 August 2023)

Switzerland participates in G20 anti-corruption meeting
On 12 August, according to the Federal Council of Switzerland, Switzerland was invited by the Indian G20 presidency to join the annual G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) ministerial meeting. Ambassador Alexandra Baumann led the Swiss delegation, discussing international anti-corruption measures and sharing Switzerland's experience. During the meeting, G20 High-Level Principles were adopted, focusing on international law enforcement cooperation, asset recovery mechanisms, and promoting integrity in public offices. Switzerland stressed its commitment to prosecuting corruption cases, cooperating in asset recovery, and involving civil society in anti-corruption efforts. The meeting also highlighted the importance of coordination in Ukraine's reconstruction to prevent corruption during recovery and emphasized connecting anti-corruption and human rights efforts. Switzerland's active participation in the G20 ACWG reaffirms its commitment to combating corruption and aligning such efforts with human rights principles. ("Switzerland takes part in G20 anti-corruption ministerial meeting in India," admin.ch, 12 August 2023)